Shikoku
The Good
- Exceptionally loyal and devoted to their family
- Hardy and healthy with minimal grooming needs
- Excellent endurance and athletic ability
- Alert and protective without being aggressive
- Dignified and well-balanced temperament
The Real
- Strong prey drive requires secure fencing
- Reserved with strangers and selective with other dogs
- Needs experienced owners familiar with primitive breeds
- Can be stubborn and independent-minded
- Requires consistent, patient training approach
Breed Overview
The Shikoku (pronounced shee-KOH-coo) is Japan's hidden gem - a medium-sized hunting dog that's as devoted as they come. Originally bred to hunt wild boar in the mountainous regions of Japan's Shikoku Island, these dogs earned national monument status in 1937, and it's easy to see why.
What strikes you first about a Shikoku is their perfectly balanced build - muscular enough for serious work but agile enough to navigate tricky terrain. Their sesame-coloured double coat, triangular ears, and sickle-shaped tail give them that classic spitz look, but there's something more dignified about their bearing.
In Australian homes, Shikokus adapt well to active families who understand their unique personality. They're not your typical family dog - they're selective about their affections and prefer quality time with their chosen people rather than being everyone's best mate. The Japanese describe their temperament using three key terms: kan'i (spirited tenacity), ryousei (devoted obedience), and soboku (natural dignity).
These dogs thrive in Australia's varied climate, handling everything from Brisbane's humidity to Melbourne's cooler weather with their weather-resistant coat. However, their strong hunting instincts mean they need secure fencing and leashed walks - particularly important in areas with native wildlife. They're happiest when treated as true family members rather than just pets, forming incredibly strong bonds with their humans while maintaining their independent, thoughtful nature.
History
The Shikoku's story begins in the mountainous, isolated region of Shikoku Island in Japan. Named after this island, the breed was originally known as 'Kochi-ken' (dog of Kochi Prefecture). For centuries, they were the prized companions of Japanese hunters, known as Matagi, who valued them as exceptionally skilled and tenacious trackers of wild boar. Their endurance, intelligence, and quiet working style made them perfectly suited for navigating the dense, steep terrain.
This ancient lineage makes the Shikoku one of only six native Japanese dog breeds, all of which are considered national treasures. In recognition of its cultural and historical significance, the breed was declared a Japanese 'natural monument' in 1937.
However, like many breeds, the Shikoku faced a perilous future. The hardships of World War II pushed them to the brink of extinction. Fortunately, a small group of dedicated Japanese breeders undertook the painstaking effort to restore the breed's population. Thanks to their work, the Shikoku survived, though it remains a rare breed today, with most of the population still residing in Japan. This careful preservation has maintained the breed's robust health and authentic working temperament.
Traits & Characteristics
Shikoku characteristics and temperament traits.
Caring Guide
Shikokus are generally robust, healthy dogs with fewer genetic issues than many breeds - a testament to their working heritage and careful breeding in Japan. Most live comfortably for 10-12 years, though like all breeds, they can be predisposed to certain conditions that Australian owners should know about.
Hip dysplasia is the main concern to watch for. This condition affects the hip joint's development, potentially causing pain and mobility issues as your dog ages. Signs include limping, reluctance to jump or climb stairs, and shifting weight to the front legs. Mild cases respond well to physiotherapy, joint supplements, and anti-inflammatory medications, while severe cases might need surgery. Regular vet check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight help minimise risks.
Some Shikokus may develop idiopathic epilepsy - seizures without a known cause. These typically last one to two minutes and require immediate veterinary attention if they occur. The condition is manageable with lifelong medication, allowing affected dogs to live normal, happy lives.
Australian owners should also maintain regular tick prevention, particularly in Queensland and coastal NSW where paralysis ticks pose serious risks. The Shikoku's dense undercoat can hide ticks, so thorough checks after outdoor adventures are essential.
Working with reputable breeders who health test their breeding stock significantly reduces the likelihood of genetic issues. Most Shikokus enjoy excellent health throughout their lives, especially when provided with quality nutrition, regular exercise, and preventive veterinary care.
Here's where Shikokus can be a bit tricky - they're notoriously fussy eaters! This isn't just pickiness; it might indicate their sensitive digestive systems or simply their discerning nature. Australian owners often find success with high-quality, consistent feeding routines rather than constantly changing foods.
Choose dog food that meets nutritional standards and is appropriate for your Shikoku's life stage. Puppies need three to four meals daily due to their higher metabolism, while adults do well with two meals - morning and evening. The amount depends on your dog's weight, activity level, and body condition, so work with your vet to establish the right portions.
Many Australian Shikoku owners find their dogs prefer routine and consistency. Once you find a food they like, stick with it! If your dog suddenly becomes uninterested in their meals, consult your vet as this could indicate health issues rather than simple fussiness.
Treats are fantastic training tools for these intelligent dogs, but keep them under 10% of daily calories. Shikokus are active enough to handle reasonable treat rewards, especially during training sessions or as motivation for exercise.
Fresh water should always be available, particularly on days over 30°C in the Australian summer. Some owners notice their Shikokus drink more during seasonal coat changes, which is perfectly normal.
If considering home-prepared diets, work closely with your veterinarian to ensure nutritional completeness. These dogs have specific needs that generic recipes might not meet.
Good news for busy Australian families - Shikokus are refreshingly low-maintenance in the grooming department! Their double coat is designed for work, not show, so they naturally look neat and tidy with minimal fuss.
Regular brushing keeps loose hair under control and helps you stay on top of their seasonal shedding. During autumn and spring, when they blow their undercoat, you'll need to brush more frequently. In Australia, these heavy sheds typically occur in spring (September-November) and autumn (March-May). A professional grooming session for a de-shed during these times can cost between $90 and $140 AUD and save you a lot of vacuuming.
Bathing depends on lifestyle. Dogs spending time at Sydney beaches or bushwalking in the Blue Mountains might need monthly baths, while suburban pets might go longer between washes. Their coat naturally repels dirt, so don't over-bathe unless necessary.
Check ears regularly for debris, particularly after outdoor adventures. Their upright ears generally stay clean, but bushwalking or beach trips can introduce sand or plant matter. Regular nail trims prevent overgrowth and splitting - active dogs often wear their nails naturally, but indoor time might require more frequent attention.
Australian owners should check for grass seeds, burrs, and ticks after outdoor activities. The Shikoku's dense coat can hide these irritants, so thorough post-adventure inspections become part of your routine.
Training a Shikoku is like working with a thoughtful, independent colleague rather than an eager-to-please employee. These dogs were bred to make split-second decisions while hunting, so they naturally think for themselves. This intelligence is brilliant once you understand how to work with it.
Start socialisation early and consistently. Shikokus can be reserved with strangers and selective about other dogs, so puppy classes and regular exposure to different people, animals, and situations helps them develop confidence. Australian puppy schools are perfect for this - just ensure the trainer understands primitive breeds.
Exercise needs are substantial but manageable. Think multiple walks daily rather than one marathon session. They excel at hiking, swimming, and fetch games. Many Australian owners find weekend camping trips to places like the Grampians or coastal areas perfect for channelling their energy and satisfying their adventurous spirit.
Mental stimulation is equally important. Hide-and-seek games, puzzle toys, and learning new skills keep their clever minds engaged. Some Australian dog sports clubs offer activities like agility or rally that suit their athletic abilities perfectly.
Always exercise on-leash or in secure areas. Their prey drive means squirrels, cats, or even native wildlife can trigger chase instincts. Secure fencing is non-negotiable - these athletic dogs can clear surprising heights when motivated.
Positive reinforcement works best. Harsh corrections damage the trust these sensitive dogs need to thrive. Patience and consistency yield much better results than force or intimidation.
Who is an ideal owner?
The perfect Shikoku owner in Australia is someone who appreciates a thinking dog's independence while providing the guidance these intelligent animals need. You don't need to be a professional trainer, but experience with dogs - particularly independent breeds - helps enormously.
Active families or individuals suit Shikokus best. If weekend bushwalks, beach trips, or camping adventures are already part of your lifestyle, you'll find a willing companion. They're not gym buddies requiring hours of intense exercise, but they do need consistent daily activity and mental engagement.
Patience is essential. These dogs don't aim to please like Labs or Golden Retrievers - they aim to do things correctly once they understand what's expected. This means training takes time, consistency, and respect for their thinking process.
Suburban homes with secure fencing work well, though apartments can suit them if exercise needs are met. They're generally quiet indoors, making them reasonable neighbours in Australian suburbs. However, their alert nature means they'll bark at unusual sounds or visitors.
Families with older children often do well with Shikokus, as these dogs prefer calmer interactions to rough play. They're devoted family members but not necessarily tolerant of chaos or unpredictable behaviour from very young children.
FIFO workers or people with demanding schedules should consider carefully. Shikokus form strong bonds and prefer consistent companionship. They're not destructive when left alone but do best with owners who can provide daily interaction and exercise.
Interesting facts about the Shikoku
Valued Boar Trackers
Originally called Kochi-ken, they were highly valued by Japanese hunters called Matagi as exceptional trackers of wild boar, able to work quietly and tenaciously.
A Living National Monument
In 1937, the Shikoku was granted Japanese national monument status, recognising its deep cultural and historical importance to the country.
Survived Near Extinction
The breed nearly vanished after World War II, but was carefully brought back from the brink by dedicated Japanese breeders who worked to preserve its lineage.
Distinctive Sesame Coat
Their famous 'sesame' (goma) coat is a unique and beautiful blend of black, red, and white hairs that gives them their characteristic wolf-like appearance.
FAQ
Shikokus can be excellent family dogs for the right families. They're devoted and loyal but prefer calm, consistent households over chaotic environments. They do best with older children and families who understand their independent nature.
While both are Japanese hunting dogs with national monument status, they're quite different. Shiba Inus are smaller and more fox-like, while Shikokus are medium-sized with a more substantial build and were specifically bred for hunting larger game like wild boar.
Yes, Shikokus are extremely rare in Australia and throughout the world outside of Japan. Most are still found in their country of origin, making them quite special if you're lucky enough to find one locally.
Shikokus shed regularly year-round, with heavy shedding periods during spring and autumn when they lose their undercoats. Regular brushing helps manage the hair, but expect to vacuum more frequently during these seasonal changes.
With adequate exercise and mental stimulation, Shikokus can adapt to apartment living. They're generally quiet indoors, but you'll need to commit to multiple daily walks and regular adventures to keep them happy and healthy.
Shikokus need multiple exercise sessions daily - think two to three walks plus playtime or training. They're not marathon runners but need consistent activity to stay physically and mentally healthy. Weekend hiking or camping trips are perfect for this breed.