Bullmastiff
The Good
- Short coat requiring minimal brushing
- Not prone to unprovoked aggression
- Calm and even-tempered when properly trained
The Real
- Can display stubborn behaviour during training
- Requires moderate physical exercise
- Struggles in extreme heat
- Needs early socialisation
Gallery
Breed Overview
The Bullmastiff is a magnificent gentle giant that perfectly balances power with tenderness. Originally bred in 19th century England to catch poachers, these impressive dogs have evolved into devoted family companions while retaining their natural protective instincts.
Standing up to 69 cm tall and weighing between 45-59 kg, Bullmastiffs are substantial dogs with distinctive broad heads, dark eyes, and muscular builds. Their short, dense coat comes in fawn, red, or brindle colours, always featuring the characteristic dark facial mask that gives them their alert expression.
What makes Bullmastiffs special is their remarkable temperament. Despite their imposing size, they're known for being docile and affectionate with family members. They're particularly wonderful with children, showing incredible patience and gentleness. However, they can be reserved with strangers, making early socialisation crucial.
In Australian homes, Bullmastiffs adapt well to family life, though they're better suited to houses with yards rather than small apartments. Their short coat handles Australia's varied climate reasonably well, though they'll struggle in extreme heat and humidity found in places like Darwin or Brisbane summers. They're not excessive barkers, making them suitable for suburban neighbourhoods where noise considerations matter.
These intelligent dogs learn quickly but can show stubborn streaks, requiring patient, consistent training from experienced owners who can establish clear leadership.
History
History
The Bullmastiff's story begins in mid-19th century England, where wealthy landowners faced a serious problem with poachers threatening their game preserves. By the late 1600s and early 1700s, the penalties for poaching had become severe - killing a deer on private land could result in the death penalty.
English gamekeepers needed powerful, intelligent dogs to help them catch these armed poachers, particularly during night raids. The solution came through careful breeding: crossing English Bulldogs with Mastiffs around 1860. This combination created dogs with the Bulldog's tenacity and courage combined with the Mastiff's size and strength.
These early Bullmastiffs were specifically bred for a unique job - they needed to track down poachers silently, knock them down, and hold them without mauling or killing. This required dogs with exceptional temperament control and intelligence. They became known as "The Gamekeeper's Night Dog" because of their nocturnal work.
The breed remained primarily working dogs until the early 1900s. In 1924, enthusiasts formed the first Bullmastiff club, and the breed gained official recognition. A breeder named W. Burton played a crucial role in developing the breed through his famous "Thornywood" kennel in Nottingham.
The American Kennel Club recognised Bullmastiffs in 1933. After World War II, the breed's numbers dropped significantly, but dedicated breeders worked to restore the population. Today, while they've largely left their poacher-catching days behind, Bullmastiffs still serve as guard dogs worldwide, including protecting diamond mines in South Africa.
Traits & Characteristics
Bullmastiff characteristics and temperament traits.
Caring Guide
Bullmastiffs are generally robust dogs, but like many large breeds, they have a shorter lifespan of 7-9 years and are prone to specific health conditions that Australian owners should understand.
The most serious concern is bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and potentially twists. This is an emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention. To reduce risk, feed smaller, frequent meals rather than one large meal, avoid elevated food bowls, and restrict exercise around mealtimes.
Heart conditions are relatively common, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and subaortic valvular stenosis (SAS). Both conditions can range from mild to severe, with serious cases potentially causing collapse or sudden death. Reputable breeders screen for these conditions, and affected dogs may need lifelong exercise restrictions.
Joint problems, particularly hip and elbow dysplasia, affect many Bullmastiffs due to their size and weight. Symptoms include lameness, difficulty rising, and reluctance to exercise. Management involves weight control, joint supplements, appropriate exercise, and sometimes surgery.
Eye problems include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which causes gradual blindness, and entropion, where eyelids roll inward causing painful corneal irritation requiring surgical correction.
Cancer, particularly lymphoma, can affect the breed. Watch for enlarged lymph nodes, appetite changes, and unexplained weight loss.
Australian owners should work with veterinarians experienced with large breeds and consider pet insurance given the potential for expensive treatments. Regular health screenings and maintaining ideal weight are crucial for maximising your Bullmastiff's quality of life.
Proper nutrition is crucial for Bullmastiffs, especially given their rapid growth as puppies and their predisposition to bloat as adults. Australian owners should focus on high-quality, large or giant-breed specific formulas that support healthy development and joint health.
Puppies need large-breed puppy food until 12-24 months old to ensure controlled growth rates. Fast growth can stress developing joints, so avoid high-calorie puppy foods that accelerate development. Feed puppies 3-5 small meals daily, transitioning to twice-daily feeding as adults.
Adult Bullmastiffs should eat premium large-breed dog food that meets nutritional standards. Divide daily portions into two meals rather than one large serving to reduce bloat risk. Never use elevated food bowls, as these may increase bloat chances.
To prevent bloat, establish strict mealtime rules: no exercise one hour before or after eating, feed in a calm environment away from other pets, and consider slow-feeder bowls or puzzle toys to prevent gulping. If you have multiple dogs, separate them during meals to reduce competitive eating.
Given their size (up to 59 kg), some Australian Bullmastiffs benefit from joint supplements containing glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids. However, consult your vet before adding supplements, as quality commercial foods often contain adequate amounts.
Monitor your Bullmastiff's weight carefully - excess weight stresses joints and increases health risks. The breed should have a visible waist when viewed from above and ribs should be easily felt under a thin layer of fat.
Avoid feeding table scraps, which can upset digestion and contribute to weight gain. Stick to the 90% complete food, 10% treats rule, using training treats sparingly.
Bullmastiffs are refreshingly low-maintenance in the grooming department, making them ideal for busy Australian families. Their short, dense coat requires minimal care, though you'll need to manage their seasonal shedding and occasional drooling.
Weekly brushing with a rubber curry brush or short-bristled brush removes loose hair and keeps their coat healthy. During shedding seasons (typically spring and autumn in Australia), increase brushing to 2-3 times weekly. A good vacuum cleaner is essential - trust me on this one!
Bathing is only needed occasionally or when they've gotten particularly dirty from backyard adventures. Use lukewarm water and dog-specific shampoo, ensuring you rinse thoroughly. Their weather-resistant coat naturally repels dirt, so over-bathing can strip essential oils.
The real grooming challenge with Bullmastiffs is managing their drool. Those lovely jowls produce moderate amounts of drool, especially after drinking, eating, or when excited. Keep clean towels handy and wipe their mouth and surrounding areas daily. You'll also want to clean food debris from their facial folds.
Eye care is important - use vet-approved tear stain removers to manage any discharge and watch for signs of irritation. Their ears need weekly cleaning with appropriate ear cleaner to prevent infections, particularly important in Australia's humid climates.
Regular nail trimming is essential. Large dogs like Bullmastiffs can develop painful splits if nails get too long. If you hear clicking on your tiles, it's time for a trim.
Don't forget dental care - brush teeth several times weekly with dog-safe toothpaste to prevent tartar buildup and maintain fresh breath.
Bullmastiffs are intelligent dogs that learn quickly, but they can be strong-willed, making early training absolutely essential for Australian families. Given their size and strength, a well-trained Bullmastiff is crucial for everyone's safety and enjoyment.
Start training immediately when your puppy arrives home. Focus on basic commands like sit, stay, down, and loose-leash walking. Bullmastiff puppies grow rapidly and can easily knock over children or adults if not taught proper manners early. Enroll in puppy socialisation classes as soon as vaccinations allow - this breed needs exposure to various people, dogs, and situations.
These dogs respond best to positive reinforcement training with treats and praise. Avoid harsh corrections, as they can make Bullmastiffs shut down or become stubborn. Consistency is key - all family members should use the same commands and rules.
Exercise needs are moderate but important. Adult Bullmastiffs enjoy daily walks and supervised play in securely fenced yards. However, they're not jogging companions due to their build and susceptibility to overheating. In Australian climates, exercise during cooler parts of the day - early morning or evening - particularly in warmer states like Queensland or Western Australia.
Puppies shouldn't be over-exercised during rapid growth periods. Short walks and free play are sufficient until they're mature.
Mental stimulation is equally important. Puzzle toys, training sessions, and nose work activities keep their intelligent minds engaged. Many Australian dog clubs offer activities like tracking, obedience, and rally that suit Bullmastiffs perfectly.
Remember, a tired Bullmastiff is a well-behaved Bullmastiff, but they're equally content being calm companions who enjoy family time.
Who is an ideal owner?
The Bullmastiff suits experienced dog owners who appreciate a loyal, protective companion and can provide consistent leadership. These aren't ideal first-time dogs due to their size, strength, and occasional stubborn streak, but they're perfect for the right Australian families.
Ideal owners are those wanting a calm, devoted family guardian who's gentle with children but naturally protective of their territory. If you're looking for a dog that greets everyone as a friend, this isn't your breed. Bullmastiffs are politely reserved with strangers, making them excellent watchdogs without being aggressive.
You'll need a house with a securely fenced yard - apartments or small spaces aren't suitable for these large dogs. They're social animals who want to be part of family life, so they're not suited to outdoor-only living or families who are away for long periods.
This breed thrives with owners who can establish clear rules and stick to them. They need someone patient enough to work through their occasional stubborn moments but firm enough to maintain leadership. If you prefer a dog that immediately obeys every command, you might find Bullmastiffs frustrating.
Physical requirements include being able to handle a 50+ kg dog on walks and having the strength to manage them if they decide to investigate something interesting. They're not suitable for elderly owners who might struggle with their size and strength.
Bullmastiffs are perfect for families with older children who understand how to behave around large dogs. They're incredibly patient with kids but need supervision due to their size.
Finally, they're ideal for people who want a relatively quiet dog - they rarely bark unnecessarily, making them good neighbours in Australian suburbs.
Interesting facts about the Bullmastiff
Interesting Fact
Bullmastiffs are nicknamed "The Gamekeeper's Night Dog" due to their original role catching poachers in 19th century England
Interesting Fact
A mature male Bullmastiff averages 66 cm and 54 kg, making them substantial but not quite as massive as their Mastiff cousins
Interesting Fact
These dogs were specifically bred to track and hold poachers without killing them - a job requiring exceptional temperament control
Interesting Fact
The breed has been with the American Kennel Club since 1933, though they remained primarily working dogs until the early 1900s
FAQ
Typically, a Bullmastiff puppy costs between $1,500-$3,000 in Australia. Prices can rise significantly if purchased from reputable breeders with champion bloodlines. Factor in ongoing costs like quality food, veterinary care, and pet insurance for large breeds.
Yes, Bullmastiffs are excellent family dogs, particularly with older children. They're sweet, loving, and incredibly patient with family members. However, supervision is always needed due to their size - they can accidentally knock over small children during play.
Bullmastiffs need moderate daily exercise including brisk walks and supervised play in a fenced yard. They're not suitable as running partners due to limited stamina, but they enjoy hiking and outdoor activities during cooler parts of the day.
No, Bullmastiffs are not well-suited to apartment living. They need space to move around and a securely fenced yard for exercise and mental stimulation. Their size and exercise needs make them better suited to houses with adequate outdoor space.
Bullmastiffs are low-maintenance, requiring weekly brushing and occasional baths. During shedding seasons, brush 2-3 times weekly. Daily face cleaning to manage drool and regular nail trims complete their grooming needs.
Bullmastiffs struggle in extreme heat due to their short muzzle and dense build. In hot climates like Darwin or Brisbane summers, they need air conditioning, plenty of shade, fresh water, and exercise during cooler morning or evening hours.